THE CLASSIFICATON AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE MONOCOTYLEDON SUBCLASSES ALISMATIDAE, LILIIDAE, AND COMMELINIDAE OF THE CLASS ANGIOSPERMAE

Robert F. Thorne, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California

http://www.monocots3.org/classif.pdf

May 2002

Alismatidae (B; 187/3,610)

  Triuridanae (B; 10/50)

    Triuridales (B; 10/50)

      Petrosaviaceae (C; 1/3) (Petrosavia)

      Triuridaceae (incl. Lacandonia, Peltophyllum) (C; 9/45)

  Acoranae (A; 10/71)

    Nartheciales (B; 9/69)

      Tofieldiaceae (B; 5/28) (Harperocallis, Isidrogalvia, Japonolirion ?, Pleea, Tofieldia)

      Nartheciaceae (B; 4/41) (incl. Aletris, Lophiola, Neitneria)

    Acorales (C; 1/2)

      Acoraceae (C; 1/2) (Acorus)

  Aranae (C; 110/3,075)

    Arales (C; 110/3,075)

      Araceae (excl. Acorus) (C; 105/3,040)

        Gymnostachydoideae (1/1) (Gymnostachys)

       Orontioideae (3/6) (Lysichiton, Orontium, Symplocarpus)

        Pothoideae (incl. Anthurium, Potheae) (4/880)

        Monsteroideae (incl. Anadendreae, Heteropsideae, Monstereae, Spathiphylleae) (12/370)

        Lasioideae (incl. Cyrtosperma, Dracontium, Urospatha) (10/55)

        Calloideae (1/1) (Calla)

        Aroideae (incl. Aglaonemateae, Ambrosina, Anubias, Areae, Arophyteae, Arisaemateae, Arisarum, Caladieae, Callopsis,Colocasieae, Cryptocoryneae, Dieffenbachieae, Hamalomeneae, Montrichardia, Nephthytideae, Peltandreae, Philodendron, Pistia, Schismatoglottideae, Syngonium, Thompsonieae, Zamioculcaddeae, Zantedeschia, Zomicarpeae) (73/1,690)

      Lemnaceae (C. 5/37)

        Lemnoideae (3/l6) (Landoltia, Lemna, Spirodela)

        Wolffioideae (2/21) (Wolffia, Wolffiella)

  Alismatanae (C; 57/415)

    Alismatales (C; 34/200)

      Butomaceae (C; 1/1) (Butomus)

      Limnocharitaceae (C; 3/8) (Butomopsis, Hydrocleys, Limnocharis)

      Alismataceae (C; 12/80)

      Hydrocharitaceae (C; 18/110)

        Hydrocharitoideae (incl. Enhalus, Najas, Vallisnerioideae) (16/105)

        Thalassioideae (1/2) (Thalassia)

        Halophiloideae (1/4) (Halophila)

    Potamogetonales (Zosterales) (C; 23/215)

     Aponogetonineae (C; 1/47)

      Aponogetonaceae (C; 1/47) (Aponogeton)

     Potamogetonineae (C; 22/170)

      Scheuchzeriaceae (C; 1/1) (Scheuchzeria)

      Posidoniaceae (C; 1/9) (Posidonia)

      Cymodoceaceae (C; 5/16)

      Ruppiaceae (C; 1/8) (Ruppia)

      Juncaginaceae (C; 4/15)

         Juncaginoideae (3/14) (Maundia, Tetroncium, Triglochin)

         Lilaeoideae (1/1) (Lilaea)

      Potamogetonaceae (C; 3/90) (Coleogeton, Groenlandia, Potamogeton)

      Zosteraceae (C; 3/19) (Heterozostera, Phyllospadix, Zostera)

      Zannichelliaceae (C; 4/12)

Liliidae (C; 1,260/28,600)

  Lilianae (B; 1,237 /27,250)

    Liliales (B; 64/1,545)

      Campynemataceae (C; 2/4) (Campynema, Campynemanthe)

      Melanthiaceae (incl. Chionographideae, Heloniadeae, Melanthieae, Xerophylleae) (C; 12/97)

      Trilliaceae (C; 2/70) (Paris, Trillium)

      Alstroemeriaceae (C; 5/165)

      Colchicaceae (incl. Anguillarieae, Burchardia, Iphigenieae, Petermannia, Uvularia) (B; 20/240)

        Colchicoideae (15/220)

        Uvularioideae (incl. Tripladenia) (5/19)

       Smilacaceae (C; 3/318) (Heterosmilax, Rhipogonum, Smilax)

        Rhipogonoideae (C; 1/6) (Rhipogonum)

        Smilacoideae (C; 2/312) (Heterosmilax, Smilax)

      Philesiaceae (B; 2/2) (Lapageria, Philesia)

      Luzuriagaceae (B; 2/5) (Drymophila, Luzuriaga)

      Calochortaceae (C; 1/65) (Calochortus)

      Liliaceae (C; 11/546)

        Medeoloideae (2/6) (Clintonia, Medeola)

        Lilioideae (9/540) (incl. Gageae, Tulipeae} Temp-Arct Euras (Kam-nAf)

      Tricyrtidaceae (B; 4/33) (Prosartes, Scoliopus, Streptopus, Tricyrtis)

    Taccales (Dioscoreales) (B; 11/645)

      Dioscoreaceae (C; 3/600) (Dioscorea, Rajania, Tamus)

      Stenomeridaceae (C; 1/2) (Stenomeris)

      Trichopodaceae (C; 2/2) (Avetra, Trichopus)

      Pentastemonaceae (C; 1/2) (Pentastemona)

      Stemonaceae (C; 3/30) (Croomia, Stemona, Stichoneuron)

      Taccaceae (C; 1/11) (Tacca)

    Burmanniales (C; 16/165)

      Burmanniaceae (C; 9/95)

      Thismiaceae (B; 4/40)

      Corsiaceae (C; 3/30) (Arachnitis, Corsia, Corsiopsis)

    Orchidales (Asparagales) (B; 1,146/24,895)

     Orchidineae (B; 804/18,670)

      Boryaceae (B; 2/12) (Alania, Borya)

      Hypoxidaceae (B; 9/120)

      Orchidaceae (C; 788/18,500)

        Apostasioideae (2/18) (Apostasia, Neuwiedia)

        Cypripedioideae (5/150-170)

        Vanilloideae (incl. Galealinae, Lecanorchidinae, Pogoniinae, Vanillinae)

        Orchidoideae (incl. Spiranthoideae)

        Epidendroideae (incl. Dicercetosteleae, Neottioideae, Tropidieae, Vandoideae)

      Lanariaceae (C; 1/1) (Lanaria)

      Asteliaceae (B; 3/35) (Astelia, Collospermum, Milligania)

      Blandfordiaceae (B; l/4) (Blandfordia)

     Iridineae (C; 79/1,785)

      Tecophilaeaceae (incl. Cyanastrum, Wallerieae) (B; 7/32)

      Doryanthaceae (C; 1/2) (Doryanthes)

      Ixiolirionaceae (C; l/3) (Ixiolirion)

      Iridaceae (C; 70/1,750)

        Isophysidoideae (1/1) (Isophysis)

        Nivenioideae (incl. Geosiris) (6/85)

        Iridoideae (incl. Sisyrinchieae, Tigrideae, Mariceae) (36/720)

        Ixioideae (27/945)

     Asphodelineae (B; 36/630)

       Xeronemaceae (B; 1/2) (Xeronema)

      Xanthorrhoeaceae (C; 1/30) (Xanthorrhoea)

      Asphodelaceae (B; 15/510)

        Asphodeloideae (8/270)

        Alooideae (7/240)

      Hemerocallidaceae (Phormiaceae) (B; 11/47)

         Hemerocallidoideae (1/15) (Hemerocallis)

         Phormioideae (incl. Dianelleae, Geitnoplesium, Pasithea, Simethis) (10/32)

      Johnsoniaceae (C; 8/40) (incl. Caesia, Corynotheca, Johnsonieae, Stawellia, Tricoryne)

    Amaryllidineae (B; 198/3,135)

      Anthericaceae (incl. Hemiphylacus, Paradisea) (B; 8/285)

      Laxmanniaceae (Lomandraceae) (C; 14/180)

        Lomandroideae (incl. Lomandreae, Xerolirion) (5/65)

        Laxmannioideae (Arthropodioideae) (incl. Chamaescilla, Cordyline, Eustrephus, Laxmannia, Sowerbaea, Thysanotus) (9/115)

      Alliaceae (C;13/600)

        Allioideae (excl. Tulbaghia) (2/c. 500)

        Tulbaghioideae (1/22) (Tulbaghia)

        Gilliesioideae (incl. Nothoscordum) (10/75)

      Agapanthaceae (1/9) (Agapanthus)

      Amaryllidaceae (C; 66/730)

      Hyacinthaceae (=Scilloideae) (C; 63/900)

        Oziroeoideae (1/10) (Oziroe)

        Urgineoideae (11/c120) (incl. Bowiea)

        Ornithogaloideae (13/c.285) (incl. Dipcadieae, Ornithogaleae)

        Hyacinthoideae (37/c.485) (incl. Massonieae, Hyacintheae)

      Themidaceae (incl. Brodiaeeae, Milleae) (C; 12/60)

      Aphyllanthaceae (C; 1/1) (Aphyllanthes)

      Behniaceae (B; 1/1) (Behnia)

      Anemarrhenaceae (B; 1/1) (Anemarrhena)

      Herreriaceae (B; 2/9) (Herreria, Herreriopsis)

      Camassiaceae (4/17) (Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Schoenolirion)

      Agavaceae (incl. only Agaveae, Yucceae) (C; 10/315)

        Yuccoideae (4/45) (Hesperaloe, Hesperoyucca, Samuela, Yucca)

        Agavoideae (6/270)

      Hesperocallidaceae (Hostaceae) (C; 2/25)

     Asparagineae (C; 29/675)

      Asparagaceae (C; 2/c. 200) (Asparagus, Hemiphylacus)

      Dracaenaceae (C; 1/100) (Dracaena incl. Sansevieria)

      Nolinaceae (B; 4/50) (Beaucarnea, Calibanus, Dasylirion, Nolina)

      Ruscaceae (B; 3/8) (Danae, Ruscus, Semele)

      Convallariaceae (incl. Aspidistreae, Comospermum, Ophiopogoneae, Polygonatae) (C; 18/215)

      Eriospermaceae (C; 1/102) (Eriospermum)

  Pandananae (incl. Cyclanthanae, Velloziaceae) (B; 23/1,350)

    Pandanales (C; 3/875)

      Pandanaceae (C; 3/875)

        Pandanoideae (2/700) (Pandanus, Sararanga)

        Freycinetioideae (1/175) (Freycinetia)

    Cyclanthales (C; 12/225)

      Cyclanthaceae (C; 12/225)

        Carludovicoideae (l1/222)

        Cyclanthoideae (1/1) (Cyclanthus)

    Velloziales (A: 8/250)

      Velloziaceae (C; 7/250)

        Vellozioideae (2/125) (Nanuza, Vellozia)

        Xerophytoideae (Barbacenioideae) (incl. Talbotia) (5/125)

      Acanthochlamydaceae (B; 1/1) (Acanthochlamys)

Commelinidae (C; 1,270/25,565)

  Arecanae (C; 193/2,360)

    Arecales (C; 189/2,350)

      Arecaceae (C; 189/2,350)

        Nypoideae (1/1) (Nypa)

        Calamoideae (incl. Lepidocaryeae) (22/670)

        Coryphoideae (incl. Phoenix, Borasseae) (40/400)

        Ceroxyloideae (10/155)

        Arecoideae (incl. Caryotoideae, Cocosoideae) (113/1,115)

        Phytelephantoideae (3/8) (Ammandra, Polyandra, Phytelephas)

    Dasypogonales (B: 4/8)

      Dasypogonaceae (C; 4/8)

        Dasypogonoideae (2/6) (Calectasia, Dasypogon)

        Kingioideae (2/2) (Baxteria, Kingia)

  Hydatellanae (A; 2/10)

    Hydatellales (C; 2/10)

      Hydatellaceae (C; 2/10) (Hydatella, Trithuria)

  Commelinanae (C; 1,075/23,195)

    Commelinales (incl. Philydrales) (B; 63/795)

      Commelinaceae (B; 40/650)

        Cartonematoideae (2/12) (Cartonema, Triceratella)

        Commelinoideae (38/640)

      Haemodoraceae (C; 13/100)

        Haemodoroideae (8/34)

         Conostylidoideae (5/65)

      Pontederiaceae (C; 6/38)

      Philydraceae (C; 4/5) (Helmholtzia, Orthothylax, Philydrella, Philydrum)

     Hanguanales (B; 1/2-5)

      Hanguanaceae (C; 1/2-5) (Hanguana)

    Cannales (Zingiberales) (C; 89/2,205)

     Musineae (C; 2/40)

      Musaceae (C; 2/40) (Ensete, Musa)

     Strelitziineae (C; 3/7)

      Strelitziaceae (C; 3/7) (Phenakospermum, Ravenala, Strelitzia)

     Lowiineae (C; 1/10)

      Lowiaceae (C; 1/10) (Orchidantha)

     Heliconiineae (C; 1/200)

      Heliconiaceae (C; 1/200) (Heliconia)

     Zingiberineae (C; 50/1,375)

      Zingiberaceae (C; 46/1,275)

      Costaceae (C; 4/100)

     Cannineae (Marantineae) (C; 32/575)

      Cannaceae (C; 1/10-25) (Canna)

      Marantaceae (C; 31/550)

    Bromeliales (B; 74/2,840)

      Bromeliaceae (C; 57/2,755)

        Tillandsioideae (incl. Glomeropitcairnia) (10/1,250)

        Brocchinioideae (1/21) (Brocchinia)

         Pitcairnioideae (incl. Navia, Puja) (15/c.925)

        Bromelioideae (31/560)

      Rapateaceae (C; 16/80)

        Rapateoideae (7/24)

        Saxofridericioideae (9/55)

      Mayacaceae (C; 1/4-l0) (Mayaca)

    Xyridales (C; 14/1,500)

     Xyridineae (C; 5/325)

      Xyridaceae (C; 5/325)

         Xyridoideae (2/300) (Achlyphila, Xyris)

        Abolbodoideae (3/23) (Abolboda, Aratitiyopea, Orectanthe)

     Eriocaulineae (C; 9/1,175)

      Eriocaulaceae (C; 9/1,175)

    Juncales (Cyperales) (C; 112/5,295)

      Prioniaceae (B; 1/1) (Prionium)

      Thurniaceae (C; 1/3) (Thurnia)

      Juncaceae (C; 6/345)

      Cyperaceae (C; 104/4,945)

    Typhales (C; 2/25)

      Typhaceae (C; 2/25)

        Sparganioideae (1/14) (Sparganium)

        Typhoideae (1/8-13) (Typha)

  Poales (Restionales) (C; 720/10,530)

     Restionineae (C; 61/540)

      Anarthriaceae (C; 1/7) (Anarthria)

      Restionaceae (C; 53/490)

      Ecdeiocoleaceae (C; 2/2) (Ecdeiocolea, Georgeantha)

      Hopkinsiaceae (B; 1/2) (Hopkinsia)

      Lyginiaceae (B; 1/1) (Lyginia)

      Centrolepidaceae (C; 3/35)

     Poineae (C; 659/9,990)

      Flagellariaceae (excl. Hanguana) (C; 1/4)

      Joinvilleaceae (C; 1/2) (Joinvillea)

      Poaceae (C; 657/9,985)

        Anomochlooideae (2/4) (Anomochloa, Streptochaeta)

        Pharoideae (3/12) (Leptaspis, Pharus, Scrotochloa)

        Puelioideae (2/11) (Guaduella, Puelia)

        Bambusoideae (incl. Arundinarieae, Olyreae, Parianeae) (65/965)

        Ehrhartoideae (Oryzoideae) (incl. Ehrharteae, Oryzae, Zizanieae) (14-18/150)

        Pooideae (incl. Agrostideae, Ampelodesmieae, Aveneae, Brachypodieae,Bromeae, Diarrheneae, Hainarieae, Lygeum, Meliceae, Milieae, Nardus,Phleeae, Poeae, Scolochloeae, Seslerieae, Stipeae, Triticeae) (154/3,275)

        Arundinoideae (incl. Arundineae, Micrairieae) (49/605)

        Danthonioideae (Danthonieae) (19/275)

        Aristidoideae (1/250)

        Chloridoideae (incl. Eragrostideae, Muhlenbergia, Neyraudia, Pappophorineae, Triraphis) (130/1,125)

        Centothecoideae (Centotheceae, Thysanolaeneae) (10/25)

        Panicoideae (incl. Andropogoneae, Eriachne) (207/3,290)

Total Monocotyledonous Taxa:

Subclasses 3

Superorders 9

Orders 24

Suborders 17

Families 114

Subfamilies 85

Subfamilies and undivided families 169

Genera 2,717

Species 57,775