R. F. Thorne. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae) // Bot. Rev. 2000. N. 4. P. 441--647. ======================================= Magnoliidae (C; 307/9,100) Magnolianae (Annonanae) (C; 289/8,960) Magnoliales (incl. Annonales, Laurales, Piperales etc.) (C; 289/8,960) Winterineae (C; 14/105) Winteraceae (C; 8/90) Canellaceae (C; 6/16) Illiciineae (C; 3/90) Illiciaceae (C; 1/42) Schisandraceae (C; 2/49) (Kadsura, Schisandra) Chloranthineae (B; 7/85) Amborellaceae (C; 1/1) Chloranthaceae (C; 4/75) Trimeniaceae (C; 1/6) (Trimenia, incl. Piptocalyx) Austrobaileyaceae (C; 1/1) Magnoliineae (Annonineae) (C; 163/3,255) Magnoliaceae (C; 7/182) Magnolioideae (6/180) Liriodendroideae (1/2) Degeneriaceae (C; 1/2) Himantandraceae (C; 1/2) (Galbulimima) Eupomatiaceae (C; 1/2) Annonaceae (C; 128/2,300) Aristolochiaceae (C; 7/400) Asaroideae (2/71) (Asarum, incl. Hexastylis; Saruma) Aristolochioideae (5/330) Myristicaceae (C; 18/370) Laurineae (C; 92/3,405) Calycanthaceae (C; 4/8) Idiospermoideae (1/1) Calycanthoideae (3/7) (Calycanthus, Chimonanthus, Sinocalycanthus) Monimiaceae (C; 23/165) Hortonioideae (1/3) Monimioideae (3/18) (Monimia, Palmaria, Peumus) Mollinedioideae (incl. Xymalos) (19/145) Lauraceae (C; 50/3,000) Lauroideae (49/2,980) Cassythoideae (1/20) Hernandiaceae (C; 5/65) Hernandioideae (3/43) (Hassimalania, Hernandia, Illigera) Gyrocarpoideae (1/7) Sparattanthelioideae (1/15) Atherospermataceae (C; 7/14) Homortegaceae (C; 1/1) Siparunaceae (C; 2/150) Siparunoideae (1/150) Glossocalycoideae (1/1) Lactoridineae (C; 1/1) Lactoridaceae (C; 1/1) Piperineae (C; 9/2,020) Saururaceae (C; 4/6) (excl. Zippelia) Piperaceae (C; 5/2,015) Piperoideae (4/1,015) Peperomioideae (1/1,000) Nymphaeanae (C; 8/75) Nymphaeales (C; 8/75) Cabombaceae (C; 2/6) Hydropeltoideae (1/11) (Brasenia) Cabomboideae (1/5) Nymphaeaceae (C; 6/67) Nupharoideae (1/ca. 20) Barclayoideae (1/4) Nymphaeoideae (2/40) (Nymphaea, Ondinea) Euryaloideae (2/3) (Euryale, Victoria) Rafflesianae (C; 10/65) Rafflesiales (C; 10/65) Hydnoraceae (C; 2/8) (Hydnora, Prosopanche) Rafflesiaceae (C; 5/45) Apodanthoideae (2/25) (Apodanthes, Pilostyles) Rafflesioideae (3/20) (Rafflesia, Rhizanthes, Sapira) Cytinaceae (C; 2/10) (Bdallphyton, Cytinus) Mitrastemaceae (C; 1/2) Ranunculidae (C; 209/4,530) Ranunculanae (C; 209/4,530) Ceratophyllales (A; 1/6) Ceratophyllaceae (C; 1/6) Nelumbonales (C; 1/2) Nelumbonaceae (C; 1/2) Paeoniales (B; 2/34) Paeoniaceae (C; 1/33) Glaucidiaceae (C; 1/1) Ranunculales (C; 205/4,485) Ranunculineae (C; 154/3,655) Lardizabalaceae (C; 9/38) Sargentodoxoideae (C; 1/1) Decaisneideae (C; 1/2) Lardizabaloideae (C; 7/35) (excl. Sargentodoxa) Menispermaceae (C; 71/450) Berberidaceae (C; 13/660) Nandinoideae (C; 1/1) Berberidoideae (2/600) (Berberis incl. Mahonia, Ranzania) Leonticoideae (3/10) (Caulophyllum, Gymnospermum, Leontice) Podophylloideae (incl. Epimedioideae) (7/50) Hydrastidaceae (C; 1/1) Ranunculaceae (C; 58/2,505) Coptidoideae (2/11) (Coptis, Xanthorhiza) Isopyroideae (incl. Thalictrum) (10/205) Ranunculoideae (incl. Helleboroideae but excl. Kingdonia) (46/2,290) Circaeasteraceae (C; 2/2) (Circaeaster, Kingdoia) Circaeasteroideae (1/1) Kingdonioideae (1/1) Papaverineae (C; 51/830) Pteridophyllaceae (B; 1/1) Papaveraceae (C; 50/830) Papaveroideae (incl. Platystemonoideae) (23/260) Eschscholzioideae (3/15) (Dendromecon, Eschscholzia, Hunnemannia) Chelidonioideae (excl. Dicranostigma, Glaucium) (7/25) Hypecoideae (1/17) Fumarioideae (16/515) Caryophyllidae (C; 671/11,505) Caryophyllanae (Chenopodianae, Centrospermae) (C; 671/11,505) Caryophyllales (Chenopodiales) (C; 594/9,760) Achatocarpineae (C; 2/10) Achatocarpaceae (C; 2/10) (Achatocarpus, Phaulothamnus) Cactineae (Portulacineae) (C; 137/1,920) Portulacaceae (C; 29/450) Hectorellaceae (C; 2/2) (Hectorella, Lyallia) Basellaceae (C; 4/50) Didiereaceae (C; 4/11) Cactaceae (C; 98/1,405) Pereskioideae (1/18) Maihuenioideae (1/5) Opuntioideae (5/250) Cactoideae (91/1,130) Phytolaccineae (C; 191/3,100) Stegnospermataceae (C; 1/3) Phytolaccaceae (C; 17/70) Phytolaccoideae (incl. Lophiocarpus) (5/43) Gisekioideae (1/5) Petiverioideae (Rivinaceae) (C; 9/20) Agdestidoideae (C; 1/1) Barbeuioideae (C; 1/1) Nyctaginaceae (C; 31/400) Sarcobataceae (B; 1/2) Aizoaceae (C; 127/2,505) Aizooideae (6/52) Sesuvioideae (4/36) Tetragonioideae (2/86) (Tetragonia, Tribulocarpus) Mesembryanthemoideae (Aptenioideae) (9/80) Ruschioideae (incl. Hymenogynoideae) (106/2,250) Molluginaceae (incl. Macarthuria, excl. Limeum) (B; 13/120) Halophytaceae (C; 1/1) Chenopodiineae (C; 168/2,315) Chenopodiaceae (C; 99/1,315) Chenopodioideae (incl. Dysphania; excl. Sarcobatus) (44/785) Microteoideae (1/10) Salicornioideae (14/80) Salsoloideae (37/420) Polycnemoideae (3/18) (Hemichroa, Nitrophila, Polycnemum) Amaranthaceae (C; 69/1,000) Amaranthoideae (55/630) Gomphrenoideae (14/370) Caryophyllineae (C; 96/2,415) Caryophyllaceae (incl. Geocarpon) (C; 96/2,415) Illecebroideae (Paronychioideae) (34/365) Minuartioideae (Alsinoideae) (38/700) Caryophylloideae (24/1,350) Polygonales (C; 49/1,095) Polygonaceae (C; 49/1,095) Eriogonoideae (17/316) Polygonoideae (24/550) Coccoloboideae (8/230) Plumbaginales (C; 28/650) Plumbaginaceae (C; 28/650) Plumbaginoideae (4/35) Aegialitidoideae (1/2) Staticoideae (23/615) Dilleniidae (B; 3,755/73,765) Dillenianae (Theanae) (C; 539/12,275) Dilleniales (Ericales, Theales) (C; 396/8,190) Dilleniineae (C; 9/400) Dilleniaceae (C; 9/400) Dillenioideae (5/280) Delimoideae (Tetraceroideae) (4/120) Theineae (C; 38/1,475) Actinidiaceae (C; 3/350) Actinidioideae (1/40) Saurauioideae (1/300) Clematoclethroideae (1/10) Paracryphiaceae (B; 1/1) Stachyuraceae (C; 1/10) Theaceae (C; 21/500) Ternstroemioideae (11/200) Theoideae (Camellioideae) (9/300) Sladenioideae (1/1) Asteropeiaceae (B; 1/8) Physenaceae (B; 1/2) Tetrameristaceae (B; 2/2) (Pentamerista, Tetramerista) Pellicieraceae (C; 1/1) Symplocaceae (C; 1/500) Marcgraviaceae (C; 5/100) Oncothecaceae (B; 1/2) Icacinineae (B; 60/720) Aquifoliaceae (C; 1/400) (Ilex, incl. Nemoranthus) Phellinaceae (C; 1/10) Icacinaceae (incl. Metteniusa) (B; 56/300) Cardiopteridaceae (B; 1/2) (Peripterygium) Sphenostemonaceae (B; 1/10) Sarraceniineae (C; 3/15) Sarraceniaceae (C; 3/15) Clethrineae (C; 15/230) Pentaphylacaceae (C; 1/2) Clethraceae (C; 1/64) Styracaceae (B; 10/150) Cyrillaceae (C; 3/14) Ericineae (C; 134/2,975) Ericaceae (C; 134/2,975) Enkianthoideae (1/10) Arbutoideae (5/90) Pyroloideae (4/45) (Chimaphola, Moneses, Orthila, Pyrola) Monotropoideae (10/12) Ericoideae (incl. Calluna, Daboecia) (17/865) Phyllodocoideae (11/65) Rhododendroideae (4/860) Empetroideae (C; 3/6) (Ceratiola, Corema, Empetrum) Epacridoideae (incl. Prionotes, Cosmelieae, Richeeae, Styphelieae, excl. Lebetanthus, Wittsteinia) (30/ca. 450) Vaccinioideae (incl. Cassiope) (49/570) Ochnineae (C; 48/675) Ochnaceae (C; 40/600) Ochnoideae (incl. Lophira) (33/525) Sauvagesioideae (7/75) Quiinaceae (C; 4/50) Medusagynaceae (C; 1/1) Caryocaraceae (Anthodiscus, Caryocar) (C; 2/23) Strasburgeriaceae (B; 1/1) Ancistrocladineae (Nepenthineae) (C; 9/205) Ancistrocladaceae (C; 1/20) Dioncophyllaceae (Dioncophyllum, Habropetalum, Triphyophyllum) (C; 3/3) Droseraceae (C; 4/110) Nepenthaceae (C; 1/70) Hypericineae (C; 50/1,065) Bonnetiaceae (Archytaea, Bonettia, Ploiarium) (C; 3/22) Clusiaceae (incl. Hypericaceae) (C; 45/1,010) Kielmeyeroideae (7/47) Calophylloideae Clusioideae Chrysopioideae (Moronoboideae) (6/36) Hypericoideae (9/540) Elatinaceae (Bergia, Elatine) (C; 2/35) Lecythidineae (C; 30/430) Lecythidaceae (C; 30/430) Barringtonioideae (Planchonioideae) (6/59) Foetidioideae (1/5) Lecythidoideae (15/325) Napoleonoideae (Crateranthus, Napoleonaea) (2/11) Scytopetaloideae (incl. Asteranthos, Scytopetalaceae) (6/28) Fouquieriales (C; 1/11) Fouquieriaceae (C; 1/11) Polemoniales (C; 20/360) Polemoniaceae (C; 20/360) Acanthogilioideae (1/1) Cobaeoideae (Bonplandia, Cantua, Cobaea) (3/18) Polemonioideae (16/340) Diapensiales (B; 6/20) Diapensiaceae (excl. Diplarche) (C; 6/20) Sapotales (Ebenales) (C; 57/1,600) Ebenaceae (Diospyros, Euclea, Royena) (C; 3/500) Lissocarpaceae (C; 1/2) Sapotaceae (incl. Sacrosperma) (C; 53/1,100) Primulales (C; 59/2,095) Maesaceae (C; 1/100) Theophrastaceae (C; 6/95) Myrsinaceae (incl. Aegiceras) (C; 32/900) Primulaceae (incl. Coris) (C; 20/1,000) Malvanae (C; 840/17,545) Malvales (C; 307/5,595) Malvineae (incl. Sterculiineae) (C; 265/4,765) Malvaceae (incl. Bombacaceae, Brownlowieae, Cheiranthodendron, Dombeyeae, Fremontodendron, Sterculioideae) (B; 162/2,860) Bombacoideae (incl. Bombacaceae, Cheiranthodendron, Fremontodendron) (28/255) Malvoideae (incl. Brownlowieae, Dombeyeae, Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) (134/2,605) Byttneriaceae (incl. Grewieae, Hermannieae, Lasiopetaleae, Theobromeae) (B; 67/1,500) Tiliaceae (excl. Brownlowieae, Grewieae, Muntingia; incl. Goethalsia, Oceanopapaver sub. Corchorus) (B; 31/392) Huaceae (B; 2/3) (Afrostyrax, Hua) Neuradaceae (A; 3/10) (Grielum, Neurada, Neuradopsis) Cistineae (C; 42/830) Bixaceae (C; 1/4) Diegodendraceae (B; 1/1) Cochlospermaceae (C; 2/20) (Amoreuxia, Cochlospermum) Cistaceae (C; 8/200) Muntingiaceae (B; 3/3) (Dicrapidia, Muntingia, Neotessmannia) Dipterocarpaceae (C; 17/550) Pakaramaoideae (1/1) Monotoideae (3/20) (Marquesia, Monotes, Pseudomonotes) Dipterocarpoideae (13/530) Sarcolaenaceae (C; 8-10/34) Sphaerosepalaceae (Rhopalocarpaceae) (B; 2/17) (Dialyceras, Rhopalocarpus) Urticales (C; 100/2,410) Ulmaceae (incl. Ampelocera, Zelkova) (C; 7/40) Celtidaceae (incl. Aphananthe) (C; 9/185) Moraceae (C; 37/1,100) Cecropiaceae (C; 5/260) Urticaceae (incl. Poikilospermum) (C; 39/820) Cannabaceae (C; 3/3) (Cannabis, Humulus, Humulopsis) Rhamnales (C; 58/925) Rhamnaceae (C; 53/875) Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnus, Hippophae, Shepherdia) (C; 3/50) Dirachmaceae (B; 1/1) Barbeyaceae (B; 1/1) Euphorbiales (C; 375/8,615) Euphorbiaceae (incl. Bischfia) (C; 321/7,770) Phyllanthoideae (excl. Drypeteae) Oldfieldioideae (incl. Androstachys, Hymenocardia, Picrodendron) Acalyphoideae (incl. Panda) Crotonoideae Euphorbioideae Gonystylaceae (C; 3/23) (Aetoxylon, Amyxa, Gonystylus) Thymelaeaceae (C; 47/695) Aquilarioideae (5/40) Gilgiodaphnoideae (1/1) (Synandrodaphne) Thymelaeoideae (41/655) Simmondsiaceae (C; 1/1) Dichapetalaceae (B; 3/125) (Dichapetalum, Stephanopodium, Tapura) Celastranae (B; 64/1,035) Celastrales (C; 64/1,035) Celastraceae (incl. Acanthothamnus, Canotia, Hyppocrateoideae, Plagiopteron) (C; 54/950) Celastroideae (25/?) Tripterygioideae (5/34) Elaeodendroideae (Cassinoideae, Hippocrateoideae) (24/?) Siphonodontaceae (C; 1/5) Goupiaceae (B; 2/8) (Bhesa, Goupia) Brexiaceae (B; 1/1) Lophopyxidaceae (B; 1/2) Stackhousiaceae (B; 3/16) Macgregorioideae (1/1) Stackhousioideae (2/15) (Stackhousia, tripterococcus) Lepuropetalaceae (B; 1/1) Parnassiaceae (B; 1/50) Santalanae (B; 145/1,985) Santalales (C; 145/1,985) Olacaceae (C; 29/180) Olacoideae (27/170) Octoknemoideae (1/6) Erythropaloideae (1/2) Opiliaceae (C; 9/30) Medusandraceae (C; 1/2) Santalaceae (incl. Okoubaka) (C; 30/400) Misodendraceae (C; 1/11) Loranthaceae (C; 65/950) Eremolepidaceae (C; 3/12) (Antidaphne incl. Eremolepis, Eubrachion, Lepidoceras) Viscaceae (C; 7/400) Balanophoranae (A; 19/48) Balanophorales (C; 19/48) Balanophoraceae (C; 18/46) Mystropetaloideae (1/1) Dactylanthoideae (2/2) (Dactylanthus, Hachettea) Sarcophytoideae (2/3) (Chlamydophytum, Sarcophyte) Helosidoideae (Scybalioideae) (6/15) Lophophytoideae (4/8) Balanophoroideae (3/17) (Balanophora, Langsdorffia, Thonningia) Cynomoriaceae (B; 1/1 or 2) Violanae (C; 283/5,150) Violales (C; 283/5,150) Violineae (incl. Salicineae) (C; 141/2,945) Violaceae (C; 23/900) Violoideae (21/890) Leonioideae (1/6) Fusispermoideae (1/3) Flacourtiaceae (incl. Flacourtieae, Homalieae, Scolopieae, Casearieae, Bembicieae, Abatia, Neopringlea, Oncoba, Prockia but excl. Alzatea, Berberidopsis, Paropsiae) (C; 56/ca. 745) Flacourtioideae (incl. Abatia) (54/ca. 730) Lacistematoideae (2/14) (Lacistema, Lozania) Kiggelariaceae (B; 27/ca. 150) (Erythrospermeae, Kiggelarieae incl. Pangium) Salicaceae (C; 2/485) (Populus, Salix incl. Chosenia) Achariaceae (C; 3/3) (Acharia, Ceratiosicyos, Guthriea) Scyphostegiaceae (C; 1/1) Dipentodontaceae (C; 1/1) Peridiscaceae (B; 2/2) (Peridiscus, Whittonia) Passifloraceae (incl. Paropsieae) (C; 17/520) Turneraceae (C; 8/110) Malesherbiaceae (C; 1/29) Elaeocarpineae (B; 9/350) Elaeocarpaceae (excl. Muntingia) (C; 9/350) Tamaricineae (C; 7/170) Tamaricaceae (Hololachna, Myrtama) (C; 5/78) Frankeniaceae (C; 2/90) (Frankenia, Hypericospis) Begoniineae (incl. Cucurbitineae) (C; 126/1,685) Cucurbitaceae (C; 118/760) Nhandiroboideae (Zanonioideae) (18/80) Cucurbitoideae (100/680) Begoniaceae (C; 5/920) Datiscaceae (incl. Tetrameleae) (C; 3/4) (Datisca, Octomeles, Tetrameles) Tetrameloideae (2/2) (Octomeles, Tetrameles) Datiscoideae (1/2) Capparanae (B; 449/4,140) Capparales (Brassicales, Resedales) (C; 449/4,140) Resedaceae (C; 6/75) Setchellanthaceae (C; 1/1) Capparaceae (C; 36/505) Tovarioideae (1/2) Pentadiplandroideae (1/2) Koeberlinioideae (1/1) Capparoideae (incl. Dipterygium; excl. Oceanopapaver) (32/ca. 500) Emblingioideae (1/1) Cleomaceae (incl. Buhsia, Polandrogyne) (C; 15/ca. 175) Brassicaceae (excl. Dipterygium) (C; 370/3,200) Gyrostemonaceae (C; 5/17) Bataceae (C; 1/2) Salvadoraceae (C; 3/12) (Azima, Dobera, Salvadora) Limnanthaceae (C; 2/11) (Floerkea, Limnanthes) Tropaeolaceae (C; 3/89) (Magallana, Tropaeolum, Tropaeastrum) Akaniaceae (C; 1/1) Bretschneideraceae (C; 1/2) Moringaceae (C; 1/14) Caricaceae (C; 4/35) Rutanae (C; 1,133/23,830) Rutales ()Sapindales (C; 1,133/23,830) Rutineae (C; 330/3,885) Rutaceae (C; 155/1,650) Rutoideae (incl. Chloroxylon, Flindersia, Luvunga, Toddalioideae) (120/?) Limonioideae (Citroideae, Aurantioideae) (30/?) Spathelioideae (incl. Dictyloma, Harrisonia) (5/25) Cneoraceae (C; 1/3) Ptaeroxylaceae (C; 2/8) (Cedrelopsis, Ptaeroxylon) Rhabdodendraceae (A; 1/3) Simaroubaceae (incl. Leitneria; excl. Harrisonia) (C; 21/150) Kirkiaceae (C; 1/5) Picramniaceae (C; 2/50) Picramnioideae (1/45) Alvaradoideae (1/5) Biebersteiniaceae (B; 1/5) Peganaceae (B; 3/7) (Malacocarpus, Peganum, Tetradiclis) Nitrariaceae (B; 1/8) Meliaceae (C; 52/600) Melioideae (incl. Nymania) (37/550) Quivisianthoideae (1/1) Capuronianthoideae (1/1) Swietenioideae (13/47) Lepidobotryaceae (B; 2/2) (Lepidobotrys, Ruptiliocarpon Burseraceae (incl. Neomangeotia - Commiphora) (C; 17/540) Anacardiaceae (incl. Blepharocarya, Dobinea) (C; 72/850) Anacardioideae (8/115) Spondioideae (incl. Julianiaceae, Pistachia) (62/730) Dobineoideae (2/3) (Dobinea, Campylopetalum) Tepuianthaceae (A; 1/5) Coriariineae (B; 1/5) Coriariaceae (C; 1/5) Sapindineae (C; 150/1550) Sapindaceae (incl. Filicium) (C; 145/ca. 1, 490) Dodonaeoideae (1/68) Koelreuterioideae (28/ca. 50) Sapindoideae (112/ca. 1,230) Hippocastanoideae (2/15) (Aesculus, Billia) Aceroideae (2/125) (Acer, Dipteronia) Melianthaceae (C; 2/15) (Bersama, Melianthus) Sabiaceae (C; 3/45) Meliosmoideae (2/25) (Meliosma, Ophiocaryon) Sabioideae (1/19) Fabineae (C; 652/18,390) Connaraceae (C; 16/380) Connaroideae (15/375) Jollydoroideae (1/3) Fabaceae (C; 630/18,000) Caesalpinoideae (150/2,700) Mimosoideae (40/2,500) Faboideae (incl. Swartzieae) (440/12,800) Surianaceae (incl. Recchia, Stylobasium) (B; 5/7) Quillajaceae (B; 1/4) Proteanae (B; 79/1,690) Proteales (C; 79/1,690) Proteaceae (C; 79/1,690) Persoonioideae (5/102) Bellendenoideae (1/1) Eidotheoideae (1/1) Proteoideae (26/635) Sphalmioideae (1/1) Cararvonioideae (1/2) Grevilleoideae (44/950) Geranianae (B; 204/6,066) Geraniales (incl. Linales) (C; 114/3,775) Humiriaceae (C; 8/50) Ctenolophonaceae (C; 1/3) Hugoniaceae (C; 5/55) Irvingiaceae (B; 3/10) (Desbordesia, Irvingia, Klainedoxa) Ixonanthaceae (incl. Allantospermum, Cyrillopsis, Phyllocosmus) (B; 5/34) Linaceae (C; 8/250) Tremandraceae (C; 3/43) (Platytheca, Tetratheca, Tremandra) Chrysobalanaceae (A; 17/455) Rhizophoraceae (C; 15/130) (excl. Anisophylleeae) Putranjivaceae (B; 4/210) (Drypeteae incl. Drypetes, Lingelsheimia, Putranjiva, Sibangea) Erythroxylaceae (C; 2/264) (Erythroxylum, Nectaropetalum) Zygophyllaceae (C; 20/250) Morkillioideae (3/4) (Morkillia, Sericodes, Viscainoa) Tribuloideae (7/70) (Balanites, Kallstroemia, Neoluederitzia, Sisyndite, Tribulus, Tribulopsis) Seetzenioideae (1/1) Larreoideae (5/27) (Bulnesia, Guaiacum, Larrea, Pinota, Porlieria) Zygophylloideae (4/150) (Augea, Fagonia, Tetraena, Zygophyllum) Oxalidaceae (incl. Averrhoeaceae but excl. Lepidobotrys) (C; 6/700) Geraniaceae (incl. Hypseocharis) (C; 6/705) Ledocarpaceae (B; 7/18) Vivianioideae (4/6) Ledocarpoideae (2/11) (Balbisia, Wendtia) Rhynchothecoideae (1/1) Balsaminaceae (C; 4/600) Polygalales (Malpighiales) (C; 90/2,290) Malpighiaceae (C; 66/1,200) Byrsonimoideae Gaudichaudioideae Malpighioideae Trigoniaceae (C; 3/26) (Humbertodendron, Trigonia, Trigoniastrum) Euphroniaceae (B; 1/3) Polygalaceae (incl. Diclidanthera, Xanthophyllum) (C; 19/1,045) Krameriaceae (B; 1/17) Rosidae (C; 858/16,520) Rosanae (B; 375/7,790) Hamamelidales (C; 35/132) Trochodendrineae (C; 4/6) Trochodendraceae (C; 2/2) Trochodendroideae (1/1) Tetracentroideae (1/1) Eupteleaceae (C; 1/2) Cercidiphyllaceae (C; 1/2) Hamamelidineae (C; 31/126) Platanaceae (C; 1/7) Altingiaceae (= Liquidambaroideae) (C; 3/12) (Altingia, Liquidambar, Semiliquidambar) Hamamelidaceae (C; 27/107) Disanthoideae (1/2) Hamamelidoideae (22/100) Exbucklandioideae (4/5) (Chunia, Exbucklandia, Mytilara, Rhodoleia) Balanopales (Buxales) (C; 8/100) Buxineae (B; 6/62) Buxaceae (excl. Simmondsia) (C; 5/60) Buxoideae (4/55) Styloceratoideae (1/5) Didymelaceae (C; 1/2) Balanopineae (Daphiphyllineae) (C; 2/39) Daphiphyllaceae (C; 1/30) Balanopaceae (C; 1/9) Bruniales (C; 17/105) Roridulaceae (C; 1/2) Bruniaceae (C; 12/75) Geissolomataceae (C; 1/1) Grubbiaceae (C; 1/3) Myrothamnaceae (C; 1/2) Hydrostachyaceae (C; 1/22) Casuarinales (C; 4/96) Casuarinaceae (C; 4/96) Juglandales (C; 13/110) Juglandineae (C; 9/65) Rhoipteleaceae (C; 1/1) Juglandaceae (C; 8/64) Platycaryoideae (1/1) Engelhardioideae (3/19) (Alfaroa, Engelhardia, Oreomunnea) Juglandoideae (4/44) (Carya, Cyclocarya, Juglans, Pterocarya) Myricineae (C; 4/45) Myricaceae (C; 4/45) (Canacomyrica, Comptonia, Gale, Myrica) Betulales (Fagales) (C; 17/1,090) Nothofagaceae (C; 1/35) Fagaceae (C; 9/915) Quercoideae (1/600) Trigonobalanoideae (3/3) (Colombobalanus, Formanodendron, Trigonobalanus) Castanoideae (4/300) Fagoideae (1/10) Ticodendraceae (C; 1/1) Betulaceae (C; 6/140) Betuloideae (2/85) (Alnus, Betula) Coryloideae (4/55) Rosales (C; 118/3,145) Rosaceae (C; 110/3,100) Spiraeoideae (incl. Adenostoma, Cercocarpus, Cowania, Dryas, Kerrieae, Lyonothamnus, Neviusia, Physocarpus, Purshia, Rhodotypos, Spirea) Rosoideae (incl. Filipendula) Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae) (incl. Excochorda, Omleria, Princepia) Pyroideae (Maloideae) (incl. Kageneckia, Lindleya, Porteranthus, Vauquelinia) (28/1,110) Crossosomataceae (C; 4/8 or 9) (Apacheria, Crossosoma, Glossopetalon, Velascoa) Anisophylleaceae (C; 4/34) (Anisophylleq, Combretocarpus, Poga, Polygonanthus) Saxifragales (C; 81/2,305) Tetracarpaeaceae (C; 1/1) Crassulaceae (C; 33/1,500) Crassuloideae Sempervivoideae (Sedoideae) (incl. Cotyledonoideae, Echeverieae, Kalanchoeae, Sedum) Penthoraceae (C; 1/2) Saxifragaceae (C; 30/525) Astilboideae (1/12) Saxifragoideae (incl. Astilboides, Rodgersia) (29/515) Aphanopetalaceae (B; 1/1) Iteaceae (C; 1/10) Pterostemonaceae (C; 1/3) Grossulariaceae (C; 1/150) (Ribes) Haloragaceae (B; 8/100) Alseuosmiaceae (C; 4/12) (Alseuosmia, Crispiloba, Periomphale, Wittsteinia [incl. Memecylanthus, Pachydiscus]) Podostemales (C; 48/275) Podostemaceae (C; 48/275) Tristichoideae (4/10) Podostemoideae (44/265) Cunoniales (C; 34/430) Cunoniaceae (C; 27/350) Cunonioideae (24/340) Baueroideae (1/3) Eucryphioideae (1/5) Davidsonioideae (1/3) Brunelliaceae (C; 1/52) Cephalotaceae (B; 1/1) Staphyleaceae (C; 5/27) Staphyleoideae (3/22) (Euscaphis, Staphylea, Turpinia) Tapiscioideae (2/5) (Huertea, Tapiscia) Myrtanae (C; 483/8,730) Myrtales (C; 483/8,730) Melastomatineae (C; 263/3,820) Penaeaceae (C; 5/25) Oliniaceae (C; 1/10) Rhynchocalycaceae (C; 1/1) Alzateaceae (C; 1/2) Crypteroniaceae (C; 3/10) (Axinandra, Crypteronia, Dactylocladus) Melastomataceae (C; 245/3,360) Memecylaceae (incl. Astronia) (C; 7/410) Myrtineae (C; 151/3,200) Myrtaceae (C; 144/3,000) Heteropyxidoideae (2/2) (Heteropyxis, Psiloxylon) Vochysiaceae (C; 7/200) Lythrineae (B; 69/1,710) Lythraceae (C; 31/460) Lythroideae (27/450) Duabangoideae (1/3) Sonneratioideae (1/4) Punicoideae (1/2) Trapoideae (D; 1/1-3) Onagraceae (C; 18/650) Combretaceae (C; 20/600) Strephonematoideae (1/6) Combretoideae (19/595) Asteridae (C; 2,311/34,920) Cornanae (C; 77/1,645) Hydrangeales (C; 55/725) Hydrangeaceae (C; 17/250) Philadelphoideae (incl. Kirengeshoma) (8/135) Hydrangeoideae (9/114) Loasaceae (C; 13/280) Mentzelioideae (2/17) (Eucnide, Mentzelia) Loasoideae (7/200) Gronovioideae (4/8) Escalloniaceae (C; 14/165) Escallonioideae (incl. Abrophyllum, Argophyllum, Carpodetus, Choristylis, Corokia, Cuusia, Forgesia, Ixerba, Pottingeria, Roussea) (13/165) Tribeloideae (1/1) Eremosynaceae (C; 1/1) Francoaceae (C; 2/2) (Francoa, Tetilla) Greyiaceae (C; 1/3) Montiniaceae (B; 4/13) (Grevea, Kaliphora, Melanophylla, Montinia) Vahliaceae (C; 1/5) (Bistell) Columelliaceae (C; 1/4) Desfontainiaceae (C; 1/1) Cornales (C; 22/920) Vitineae (B; 13/785) Vitaceae (C; 13/785) Vitoideae (12/750) Leeoideae (1/34) Gunnerineae (B; 1/40) Gunneraceae (C; 1/40) Cornineae (C; 8/95) Cornaceae (C; 1/45) Curtisiaceae (C; 1/1) Nyssaceae (C; 5/32) (Camptotheca, Davidia, Nyssa) Davidioideae (1/1) Nyssoideae (2/6) (Camptotheca, Nyssa) Mastixioideae (2/25) (Diplopanax, Mastixia) Alangiaceae (C; 1/19) Aralianae (C; 578/6,670) Pittosporales (C; 10/245) Pittosporaceae (C; 9/240) Byblidaceae (C; 1/5) Araliales (C; 530/5,065) Helwingiaceae (C; 1/5) Phyllonomaceae (B; 1/4) Garryaceae (C; 1/12) Aucubaceae (C; 1/4) Eucommiaceae (C; 1/1) Griseliniaceae (B; 1/6) Torricelliaceae (C; 1/3) Aralidiaceae (C; 1/1) Myodocarpaceae (B; 4/20) (Delabrea, Myodocarpus, Pseudosciadium) Mackinlayaceae (B; 5/66) (incl. Actinotus, Apiopetalum, Centella, Mackinlaya, Micropleura, Spananthe) Araliaceae (C; 92/1,625) Aralioideae (50/1,150) Hydrocotyloideae p.p. (as Hydrocotyle, Trachymene) (C; 42/475) Apiaceae (incl. Hydrocotyloideae p.p. as Bolax, Bowlesia, Eremocharis; Klotzschia, Lagoecia) (C; 421/3,320) Saniculoideae (incl. Arctopus) (11/320) Apioideae (incl. Azorella, Bolax, Bowlesia, Displaspis, Dichosciadium, Klotzschia, Lagoecia, Schizeilema, Stilbocarpa) (ca. 410/ca. 3,000) Dipsacales (C; 28/1,360) Adoxaceae (C; 5/245) Adoxoideae (incl. Sambucus) (4/43) Opuloideae (Viburnoideae) (1/200) (Viburnum) Caprifoliaceae (incl. Carlemannia, Diervilleae, Linnaeae, Silvanthus) (C; 12/450) Morinaceae (C; 3/13) (Acanthocalyx, Cryptothladia, Morina) Dipsacaceae (C; 8/250) Valerianaceae (C; 10/400) Valerianoideae (9/400) Triplostegioideae (1/2) Asteranae (incl. Campanulanae) (C; 1,656/26,605) Campanulales (C; 77/2,285) Pentaphragmataceae (C; 1/30) Sphenocleaceae (C; 1/2) Campanulaceae (C; 69/2,085) Campanuloideae (34/820) Cyphioideae (1/50) Lobelioideae (30/1,200) Cyphocarpoideae (1/2) Nemacladoideae (3/14) (Nemacladus, Parishella, Pseudonemacladus) Donatiaceae (C; 1/2) Stylidiaceae (C; 5/166) Asterales (C; 1,579/24,320) Menyanthaceae (C; 5/40) Goodeniaceae (C; 20/390) Goodenioideae (16/300) Dampieroideae (3/88) (Anthonium, Dampiera, Leschenaultia) Brunonioideae (1/1) Calyceraceae (C; 6/50) Asteraceae (C; 1,528/23,840) Barnadesoideae (9/90) Barnadesieae (9/90) Carduoideae (360/6,965) Mutisieae (76/1000) Tarchonantheae (2/27) (Brachylaena, Tarchonanthus) Cardueae (incl. Carlineae, Echinopsideae, Gundelieae) (83/2500) Vernonieae (incl. Hesperomantia, Stokesia, Trichospira) (70/1500) Eremothamneae (2/26) (Eremothamnus, Hoplophyllum) Liabeae (15/180) Cichorieae (98/1550) Arctoteae (excl. Ursinia) (14/180) Asteroideae (1,159/16,785) Astereae (174/2800) Anthemideae (incl. Ursinia, Cotula) (109/1,740) Gnaphalieae (181/2000) Senecioneae (incl. Blennosperma) (120/3200) Calenduleae (8/110) Eupatorieae (170/2400) Helenieae p.p. (93/560) Inuleae (38/480) Plucheae (28/220) Heliantheae (incl. Ambrosieae, Anisopappus) (189/2500) Coreopsideae (32/535) Tageteae (17/240) Lamiidae (C; 2,790/48,560) Solananae (C; 277/7,480) Solanales (C; 277/7,480) Solanineae (C; 141/4,755) Solanaceae (C; 82/2,925) Browallioideae (Cestroideae) (20/485) Solanoideae (incl. Nolana) (56/2,420) Goetzeoideae (4/5) Sclerophylacoideae (1/12) Duckeodendroideae (1/1) Convolvulaceae (C; 59/1,830) Humbertoideae (1/1) Dichondroideae (2/9) (Dichondra, Falkia) Convolvuloideae (55/1,650) Cuscutoideae (1/170) Boraginineae (C; 136/2,725) Hydrophyllaceae (excl. Codon, Hydrolea) (C; 15/300) Hydroleaceae (B; 1/20) Boraginaceae (excl. Pteleocarpa) (C; 117/2400) Ehretioideae (11/145) Cordioideae (4/255) Heliotropoideae (excl. Ixorhea, Nogalia) (6/430) Boraginoideae (95/1570) Wellstedioideae (1/2) Hoplestigmataceae (B; 1/2) Lennoaceae (C; 2/4) (Lennoa, Pholisma) Lamianae (Gentiananae) (C; 2,513/41,080) Rubiales (C; 1,286/17,040) Gentianaceae (C; 78/1,265) Gentianoideae (incl. Saccifolium) (75/1,200) Potaloideae (3/65) (Anthocleista, Fagraea, Potalia) Loganiaceae (C; 8/120) Gelsemiaceae (C; 2/11) (Gelsemium, Mostuea) Strychnaceae (C; 3/220) (Gardneria, Neubergia, Strychnos) Geniostomaceae (C; 2/75) (Geniostoma, Labordia) Rubiaceae (C; 630/10,400) Rubioideae (incl. Theligoneae, Henriquesieae) Cinchonoideae (incl. Anirrheoideae, Hillia) Ixoroideae (incl. Vanguerieae) Dyalypetalanthaceae (C; 1/1) Apocynaceae (C; 562/4,950) Rauvolfioideae (Plumerioideae) (incl. Cerbereae) Apocynoideae Periplocoideae (45/200) Secamonoideae Asclepiadoideae Lamiales (Scrophulariales, Bignoniales) (C; 1,227/24,040) Oleaceae (C; 24/900) Jasminoideae (incl. Nyctanthes) (9/500) Oleoideae (incl. Hesperelaea, Myxopyreae, Schrebereae) (15/400) Tetrachondraceae (B; 1/2) Polypremaceae (B; 1/1) Plocospermataceae (B; 1/1) (Plocosperma, incl. Lithophytum) Gesneriaceae (C; 147/3,720) Gesnerioideae (incl. Sanango) (56/1,800) Coronantheroideae (9/20) Didymocarpoideae (Cyrtandroideae, Cyrtandromoea, Titanotrichum) (82/1,900) Verbenaceae (Verbenoideae, excl. Monochileae) (B; 36/1,035) Veronicaceae (incl. Anthirrineae, Aptosimeae, Calceolarieae, Gratioleae, Jerdonia, Leucophylleae, Manuleae) (B; ca. 100/ca. 1,600?) Globulariaceae (C; 2/30) (Globularia, Poskea) Plantaginaceae (C; 3/255) (Bougueria, Littorella, Plantago) Hippuridaceae (B; 1/1) Callitrichaceae (B; 1/50) Acanthaceae (C; 350/4,350) Nelsonoideae (5/15) Thunbergoideae (4/205) Mendoncioideae (2/65) (Gilletiella, Mendoncia) Acanthoideae Ruelloideae Avicenniaceae (C; 1/14) Scrophulariaceae (incl. Buddlejaceae s.s., Oftia, Selagineae, Verbasceae) (C; ca. 38/ca. 1,400?) Phrymaceae (C; 1/1) Stilbaceae (C; 7/28) Retzioideae (1/1) Stilboideae (5/12) Nuxoideae (1/15) Martyniaceae (C; 2/12) (Martynia, Proboscidea) Lentibulariaceae (C; 4/245) Cyclocheilaceae (B; 2/4) (Asepalum, Cyclocheilon) Paulowniaceae (B; 1/6) Schlegeliaceae (B; 3/20) (Gibsoniothamnus, Schlegelia, Synopsis) Myoporaceae (excl. Leucophylleae, Oftia; incl. Androya, Bontia) (C; 5/210) Bignoniaceae (excl. Paulownieae) (C; 113/800) Petreaceae (B; 4/450) (Casselia, Lampayo, Petrea, Recordia) Pedaliaceae (C; 13/75) Trapellaceae (B; 1/1 or 2) Orobanchaceae (Pediculariaceae) (B; 100/ca. 1,830?) Rhinanthoideae (ca. 83/ca. 1,600?) Orobanchoideae (17/230) Nesogenaceae (excl. Asepalum, Cyclocheilon) (B; 1/7) (Nesogenes) Lamiaceae (B; 264/6,990) Symphorematoideae (B; 3/24) (Congea, Sphenodesme, Symphorema) Chloanthoideae (excl. Spartothamnella, incl. Prostanthereae, Tectona) (B; 17/240) Ajugoideae (incl. Caryopteridoideae, Garrettia, Monochileae, Spartothamnella, Teraclea, Teucrioideae, Trichostama, Viticoideae, Wenchengia) (48/1,575) Scutellaroideae (incl. Renschia, Tinnea, Holmskioldia) (4/320) Pogostemonoideae (6/88) Lamioideae (53/1,060) Nepetoideae (Ocimoideae) (133/3,865) Taxa incertae sedis: Aextoxicon (1) Berberidopsis (2) Codon (2) Corynocarpus (ca. 5), possibly belonging near Violales Haptanthus (1) Heteranthia (1), probably near or in Solanaceae Pteleocarpa (1)