BIODIVERSITY, TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY
Prydiuk N.P. Ascomycetes of Dnieper-Orel nature reserve // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.1-9.
Abstract
It is shown that total of 168 species of fungi belonging to Ascomycota have been recorded in the Dnieper-Orel reserve (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) phytocoenoses. Distribution of ascomycetes in four main vegetation types of the reserve is analyzed. Species of ascomycetes found in every vegetation type are given. Erysiphe (11 species), Leptosphaeria (10) and Golovinomyces (9) are the basic genera of ascomycetes in the reserve. The host range for this group of fungi embraces 110 species of 36 families of vascular plants in various plant communities on investigated territory.
Sidorova I.I., Velikanov L.L. Bioactive substances of agaricoid basidiomycetes and their possible role in regulation of myco-and microbiota structure in soils of forest ecosystems. II. Antibiotic activity in cultures of litter saprotrophic mushroom Lepista nuda // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.10-16.
Abstract
The litter saprotroph Lepista nuda had the most common type of the action on micro- and mycobiota inhabiting the forest soils and litter. 98 isolates from different colony types (total 60 colonies) of L. nuda were tested for the production of active metabolites in agar medium and its intraspecific variability. It was observed the stable capacity to produce antibiotics in natural populations of L nuda, only cultures of 3 isolates had not antimicrobial activity. Biological active metabolites of L nuda inhibited growth of the most bacteria isolated only from soils outside of their colonies, while bacteria developing in the area of active growing mycelia of this species were completely resistant. The same phenomena were observed in tests with some actinomycetes and micromycetes. Cell-free cultural filtrates of L. nuda isolate 146-2 caused complete or partial inhibition of spore germination in a range of soil micromycetes species, but this action was fungistatic. Widespread occurence of capacity to a biosynthesis of the biological active metabolites in populations of L. nuda and their selecting action on soil micromycetes and bacteria suggest an important role of antibiotics of this species in the regulation of the structural composition of micro- and mycobiota in forest soils and litter.
Shubin V.I. Ecological niches and successions of macromycetes-symbiotrophs in forest ecosystems of taiga zone. II. Successions // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.17-24.
Abstract
The most successions of macromycetes-symbiotrophs (MS) were caused by the changes in amount of available nitrogen in root-live layer. The dominance of the main MS genera was based on the differentiation of their species composition in dependance of their available nitrogen needs. In mixed stands successions of MS were caused also by the changes of status and participation of host-plant in the stand.
Titova J.A. Mycosinusia of the different Agaricus bisporus sorts // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.25-32.
Abstract
The mycosinusia of the different A. bisporus sorts belonging to the white and brown varieties were studied. The qualitative structure of the typical dominants for the different sorts is offered. The myco-pathogens with mycophilic properties dominate in the mycosinusia of the diseased basidioma of all the investigated sorts. The mycosinusia' dynamics for the sorts involved is specific. The idea of A. bisporus crop losses due to negative consortial interactions in mycobiota and different sorts is suggested.
Zubkova L.A., Stepanova A.A. The influence of substrate types on the ultrastructure of cells in sterile elements of basidiomes and vegetative mycelium of Schizophyllum commune (Schizophyllaceae) // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.33-37.
Abstract
Comparative studies in the infrastructure of sterile basidiome elements (trama of pileus and hymenophore, as well as subhymenium) and vegetative mycelium growing on maple and ash-trunks and in vitro on malt-agar medium was carried out. The variable characters were the type and frequency of endoplasmatic reticulum, the presence and frequency of electron-dense globules in the vacuols, amount and type of reserve substances in the cell. Comparative analysis of three-days-old vegetative mycelium of Schizophyllum commune, growing in vitro on malt-agar and on maple samples, for three days after of inoculation did not show any differences in the infrastructure of its cells.
Marfenina O.E. Changes of some structural characteristics of the microfungi of genus Penicillium in the podzolic soils with human impact // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.38-42.
Abstract
The Penicillium species structure in zonal podzolic and human disturbed (by heavy metal pollution, recreation, urbanization, ets.) soils of the same climate zone was examined. The increasing of the occurrence of species of the sect. Biverticillata and the number of Pinicillia, which could grow at 37 °C was established in the soils with human impact. That features of the structure of the Penicillia are usually typical for the soils, which are situated to the south from the podzolic zone. This trends were particularly clear in human disturbed urban soils.
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY
Mikhailova R.V., Shishko Zh.F., Yasenko M.I., Lobanok A.G. Effect of culture conditions on extracellular glucose oxidase production by strain Penicillium adametiii BIM-90 // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.48-53.
Abstract
Correlation of extracellular glucose oxidase biosynthesis by P. adametzii BIM-90 with culture conditions was investigated. Possibility of producing of glycose oxidase enzyme by submerged and surface culture was established. The top level of glycose oxidase synthesis was ensured on media with 6 % glucose irrespective of mode of culture. Initial pH 5.0, temperature 25 °C and aeration 4 1/1 m min provided optimal conditions sop glycose oxidase productions by P. adametzii BIM-90 in submerged culture. The same initial pH of the media and temperature 27 °C favoured maximal enzyme biosynthesis in surface culture.
PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Ivaschenko V.G., Shipilova N.P., Levitin M.M. Fusaria associated with seeds of grain in asiatic part of Russia // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.54-58.
Abstract
The comparative investigation on parasitic fusaria counted on cereal crops seeds was carried out in different regions in asiatic part of Russia. Ecological-trophic groups of fusaria which are prevalent at Siberia, Altaj, Far East of Russia have been defined. It was shown, that strict specialisation of fusaria is absent. Distribution of F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides in different regions of asiatic part of Russia is discussed.
Tremasov M.Ya., Sergeichev A.I., Ravilov A.Z. The study of Fusarium sporotrichiella toxicogenesis by high temperature cultivation // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.59-61.
Abstract
It is shown that F. sporotrichiella strain fungus produces trichotecene mycotoxins and zearalenone not only at low temperatures but also at 26-28 °C. The synthesis and accumulation of trichotecenes on a substrate in this case is 3 times faster that at low temperatures.
Shirnina L.V., Kotljarova T.I. Walnut anthracnose in the Krasnodar territory. Harmfulness of the pathogen // Mycol. and phytopat. V. 34, N 4, 2000. P.62-68.
Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of walnut anthracnose pathogene harmfulness defined as the loss in size, mass and actual crop of nuts is given. Correlation between the extent of infection development on the leaves and pericarps of nuts and the mass, size and pathological state of the kernels of the nuts is stated. Failure of metabolic processes in walnut leaves caused by anthracnose development and the general tendency to change some of biochemical indices are recorded. Biological threshold of the pathogene harmfulness is defined.