Biological series Volume 108, Part 1 2003

CONTENTS

Bolshakov L. V. Ecologo-faunistical review of moths and butterfiels (Insekta: Lepidoptera) in Tula town and its nearest environs ... 3

Kizina IP. Dynamics offish population in the lower Volga delta in 1970- 1990s ... 15 Korbut V. V. Feeding behaviour and foods of some bird species (Aves: Charadriiformes, Passeriformes) at littoral of the White Sea ... 23

Skvortsov A. K. Prophylls is grasses: three storreys of homology ... 32

Sukhorukov A. P. Distribution of Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Russia and neighbouring countries ... 38

Kulikov P.K, Philippov E.G. The features of nycorrhiza formation during the development of north temperate orchids in situ and in vitro ... 51

Scientific communications

Filatova 1.0. The ontogenesis of Carex muricata L ... 61

Chemeris E. V., Bobrov A.A. On the biology and ecology of Fontinalis antipyrenica L. ex Hedw. (Fontinaliaceae Schimp.) in the Yaroslavl Volga region ... 68

Volkova P.A., Kumskova E.M., Shipunov A.B. The dependence of the morphophysiological characteristics of the success of insect cathing and in habitation conditions for Drosera rotundifolia L, D. anglica Huds., D. x obovata Mert. et Koch (Droseraceae) and Pinguicula vulgaris L. (Lentibulariaceae) ... 72

Wowk M.S. Flora morphology and vascular anatomy of Lampranthus haworthii (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae) ... 78

Critique and bibliography

Golub K. B. New textbook of plocut ecology. Review on the book: B.M. Mirkin, L.G. Naumova, A.I. Solomeshch «Modern vegetation science» ... 86

ECOLOGO-FAUNISTICAL REVIEW OF MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) IN TULA TOWN AND ITS NEAREST ENVIRONS

L.V. Bolshakov

As a result of long-term studies of urban landscape in Tula 623 species of moths and butterflies from 41 families were discovered; within the limits of 20 km from the town centre 972 species from 58 families were found. Basic types of ecosystems and ecological groups of fauna are indicated and most typical, rare and occational species are listed for the surveged are. The necessity of ecological sanitation measures in urban landscape is emphasized. For this purpose the flora and fauna enrichment with aboriginal elements and integration with regional ecological network should be undertaken.

DYNAMICS OF FISH POPULATION IN THE LOWER VOLGA DELTA IN 1970-1990 s.

L.P. Kizina

Results of long-term investigations of species composition, numbers and distribution of commercial fishes in eastern and western parts of the lower Volga delta within Damchik and Obzho-rovo areas of the Astrakhan Stat Nature Reserve were analyzed. Strong relationship between changes in the structure and distribution of fish population and Caspian Sea level fluctuations was revealed.

FEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND FOODS OF SOME BIRD SPECIES (AVES: CHARADRIIFORMES, PASSERIFORMES) AT LITTORAL OF THE WHITE SEA

V.V. Korbut Summary .

Spatial and temporal dynamics of feeding characteristics as well as diets (with faecal analysis) were studied in Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostra/egus), Common Gull (Lams canus) and Hooded Crow (Corvus comix) at sandy and muddy littoral of the White Sea. Species-specific microhabitat sistribution of birds during feeding is related to the degree of their specialization. At the same time range of marine foods is same in different species and consists mostly of crustaceans {Cam-mams spp.) and mollusks (Macoma baltica, Mytilus edulis). Some small variation in species diets was found in relation to tidal, daily and seasonal cycles. A hypothesis was suggested about feeding strategies in individuals of the same or different species — strategies of a collector or hunter. The strategies may alternate in relation to tidal level and prey abundance, and this helps to optimize quickly use of the littoral food resources.

DISTRIBUTION OF ATRIPLEX (CHENOPODIACEAE) IN RUSSIA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

A. P. Sukhomkov

Forty three species of Atrip/ex are mentioned for Russia and neighbouring countries (in the borders of former USSR). Diagnostic key for their distinguishing is given. Earlier used features are revised. New criteria are introduced. Detailed distribution of species is shoun.

THE FEATURES OF MYCORRHIZA FORMATION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH TEMPERATE ORCHIDS IN SITU AND IN VITRO

P.V. Kulikov, E.G. Philippov

The results of investigations of seed germination and seedling development in situ and in vitro in a number of north temperate orchid species are presented as well as the peculiarities of mycosymbiont distribution during their ontogeny. The symbiotic germination depended on the seed dormancy presence in the first place. The seeds with deep dormancy (Cypripedium, Neottieae) was not stimulated to germinate by endophytic fungi. On the other hand, the seeds of most Gymnadeniinae (except Dactylorhizci incarnata) and Goodyera repens germinated easily in both asymbiotic and symbiotic culture. The followed seedling development was influenced by the my-cosymbionts significantly. The seedlings developed faster in symbiotic culture in vitro as compared with these in natural habitats but they had not any morphogenetic deviations unlike these grown under asymbiotic conditions. The distribution of mycosymbiont differed significantly in subterranean organs of seedlings and generative plants corresponding to stage of life cycle and life form.

THE ONTOGENESIS PATTERNS OF CAREX MURICATA L.

LO. Filatova

Nine age classes were described in detail as a result of the life cycle study of Carex muricata, a cespitose clump-forming sedge. Specific features of the ontogenesis were found out: 1) the duration of monopodial growth of the main shoot was about 1-3 years; 2) the tillering began at the second or the third year of the development; 3) the number of lateral buds per a shoot decreases from juvenile to generative plants; 4) the position of the tillering zone changed from 1-2 node (juvenile plant) to 5-6 node (other age classes); 5) time of the first flowering was observed on the 3-4 year of the growth; 6) the ultimate age of a genet achieved 20-30(35) years.

ON THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA L. EX HEDW. (FONTINALJACEAE SCHIMP.) IN THE YAROSLAVL VOLGA REGION

E. V. Chemeris, A.A. Bobrov

Literature and original data on biology, ecology and phytocenology of the water moss, Fon-tinalis ontipyretica L. ex Hedw. (Fontinaliaceae Schimp.), a species widespread in the Yaroslavl Volga Region (Yaroslavl Province and adjacent territories of the Vologda, Kostroma and Tver regions), were summarized. It was shown that this species preferred cool, moderately hard, neutral running waters and stony bottoms, therefore it was especially abundant on riffles of small and medium rivers, where it is often represented by var. gracilis (Lindb.) Schimp. Seasonal development of the moss un dor river conditions was considered. The growth of F. antipyretica continues all year round, but it is limited by water temperature above 20°C, drying in a low water period, mechanical damage during drifting of ice and floods, and also by a strong development of aquatic vascular plants and filamentous algae.

THE DEPENDENCE OF THE MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS OF INSECT CATCHING AND INHABITATION CONDITIONS FOR DROSERA ROTVNDIFOL1A L., D. ANGLICA HUDS., D. x OBOVATA MERT. ET KOCH (DROSERACEAE) AND PINGUICULA VULGARIS L. (LENTIBULARIACEAE)

Volkova P.A., Kumskova E.M., Shipunov A.B.

The main objective of our investigations was to examine how the intensity of vegetative growth and reproduction is connected with the success of insect catching and inhabitation conditions for different carnivorous plants species in natural habitats. We made diary observations in July of 1999 and in July and August of 2000. Drosera rotundifolia, D. x obovata, D. anglica and Pin-guicula vulgaris were studied in the Louchskiy region of the Karelia Republic on the shore of the White Sea.

The intensity of flowering of all the studied carnivorous plant species directly depends on their size.

The number of leaves of carnivorous plants first of all depends on the precipitation and the nutrient concentrations in the soil.

The positive relation between plant size and the number of caught insects for all studied Drosera species was found.

The number of caught insects does not influence the characteristics of P. vulgaris.

FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND VASCULAR ANATOMY OF LAMPK4NTHUS HAWORTHII (RUSCHIOIDEAE, AIZOACEAE)

M.S. Wowk

Flowers of Lampranthus haworthii are characterized by calyx of five basally united sepals, numerous staminodial petals, variable and high number of stamens, and a syncarpous gynoecium of five carpels. The ovary is inferior, and the placentation is parietal. The parietal placentation is a result of caspel deformation during imagination of receptacle. The process of receptacle inva-gination leads to formation of epigyny.

A study of vascular anatomy confirmed a hypothesis on axial nature of epigyny in Aizoaceae and revealed that haplostcmonous androecium is primitive within this family. The similar mechanism of inferior ovary formation in Aizoaceae and Cactaceae reflects their close relationship.

ПРОФИЛЛЫ У ЗЛАКОВ: ТРИ ЯРУСА ГОМОЛОГИИ

А.К. Скворцов Резюме

Автор считает, что злакам свойственны парные профиллы, и прослеживает их серию по ярусам растения. Нижний ярус — это семядоли (первая, редуцированная — эпибласт и вторая — функционирующая — щиток). Средний ярус — вегетативные части растения; здесь профиллы интравагинальных побегов — сросшиеся двукилевые. Верхний ярус — профиллы соцветий. Это, во-первых, колосковые чешуи (большей частью свободные); во-вторых, это обычно сросшиеся профиллы цветочной оси, образующие верхнюю цветковую чешую (palea). Изложенная схема позволяет прояснить некоторые трудные морфологические ситуации, например с соцветием Anomochloa marantoides, которое было подробно описано (Judziewicz, Soderstrom, 1989), но осталось недопонятым в морфологическом плане.