Volume 104, Part 6
1999
Publicated at 28.12.1999
CONTENTS
Evstigneev O. I., Korotkov V. N., Braslavskaya T. Yu., Chupachenko V. G. The wild boar and cyclic microsuccessions in the herbaceous cover of broad-leaved forests in Nerusso-Desnyansk woodlands ... 3
Polfarukha O. P. The nutrition of the barnacles of the family Chthamalidae (Cirripedia Thoracica) ... 9
Chelintsev N. G. Optimization of the winter transect census of the game animals ... 15
Bolshakov L. V. The horological, ecology-faunistic and complex regional classification of Pyraustidae and Crambidae moths (Lepidoptera) of the Kaluga and Tula Regions ... 22
Biazrov L. G. An index of the epiphytic lichens development and estimation of the Moscow city air quality ... 30
Short scientific communications
Kirilyuk V. Ye. The nutrition and behavior of manul (Felis manul Pall., 1778) in the South-Eastern Zabaikaliye ... 11
Pazshetnov V. S., Pazshetnov S. V. The particularity of digesting of a natural territory by the parentless bear cubs of 4-7 months old in the case of a free access to the natural environment ... 45
Loiova L. I., Rud'ko A. I. The anatomical features of the different morphological types of Cruciferae fruits ... 49
Sukhorukov A. P. The distribution of Atriplex sphaeromorpha Ilijin (Chenopodiaceae) ... 58
Floristic notes ... 60
Contents of Volume 104, 1999 ... 70
THE WILD BOAR AND CYCLIC MICROSUCCESSIONS IN THE HERBACEOUS COVER OF BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS IN NERUSSO-DESNYANSK WOODLANDS
O.I. Evstigneev, V.N. Korotkov, T.Yu. Braslavskaya, V.G. Chupachenko
Summary
The development of vegetation was analyzed on the wild boar excavations. The annual ruderal plants dominated in the fresh excavations. The perennial reactive and stress-tolerant plants predominated in the 2-3 years old excavations. The competitive plants reigned at the final stage. However boars could interrupt the directional development of the vegetation. In this case, the lengthened and shortened cycles of the vegetation development would form. The stage of competitive plants was achieved only in the case of the lengthened cycles. In the shortened cycles only the stage of ruderal and stress-tolerant plants was achieved.
THE NUTRITION OF THE BARNACLES OF THE FAMILY CHTHAMALIDAE (CIRRIPEDIA THORACICA)
O.P. Poltarukha
Summary
The barnacles of the family Chthamalidae are characterized by the unusual for Cimpedia Thoracica environment and some specific peculiarities of the food capture apparatus structure and function. The author has discussed theses peculiarities and has given an original data on the food composition of barnacles of this family and the dependence of food composition on some factors. The comparison of these data with the data on the other littoral barnacles groups leads to the conclusion that Chlhamalidae food composition depends on the same factors that in the other littoral Cimpedia Thoracica. So, the peculiarities of the food capture apparatus of Chthamalidae do not influence their food composition.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE WINTER TRANSECT CENSUS OF THE GAME ANIMALS
N.G.Chelintsev
Summary
An approach to the defining of an optimal number of the count transects and number of the animal day track measurings for the winter transect census of mammals is described. To define the optimal norms the formulas of statistical error of the animal number estimates are used. The optimal norms provide the animal number estimating accuracy to 15%.
THE HOROLOGYCAL, ECOLOGO-FAUNISTICAL AND COMPLEX REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PYRAUSJ7D AND CRAMBID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) OF THE KALUGA AND TULA REGIONS
L.V. Bolshakov
Summary
The analysis of the regional, horological and ecological regularities of the faunal classification was carried out on the basis of the research of zone and biotopic distribution of 63 species of Pyraustidae and 25 species of Crambidae of the Kaluga and Tula Regions.
The limits of the ranges of the series of species on the explored territory are specified. For the first time in the Cei tral Russia the main features of the regional ecological aspects are thrown light on, their bioindicational potentialities and unequal potential vulnerability of their inhabitance sites are marked.
AN INDEX OF THE EPIPHYTIC LICHENS DEVELOPMENT AND ESTIMATION OF THE MOSCOW CITY AIR QUALITY
L.G. Biazrov
Summary
By the mapping of Moscow city territory divided into the squares of 1 km2 area. The 47 lichens species including the 43 epiphytic species were detected. The original complex index of the epiphytic lichens development was introduced. This index estimated for the each map square considers the lichens number, covering of substrate, distribution and ecological features of the square territory. The map of Moscow city based on this index qualitatively characterizes the level of an air pollution. The index value correlates with the positioning of the city industrial zones. The third part of Moscow territory is a "lichens desert". This territory is under the influence of the mostly massive and dangerous industrial zones and highways with heavy traffic. The results of this investigation may be applied as a basis of the perennial biomonitoring of Moscow city and city regions air quality.
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MANUL (FELIS MANUL PALL., 1778) IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN ZABAIKALIYE
V.Ye. Kirilyak
Summary
The nutrition of i ianul at the three inhabitance in the South-Eastern Zabaikaliye and neighbor Mongolia region was investigated by the analysis of the excrements and broken foods (N = 490). The creeper (Ochotona daurica) predominates in the manul nutrition and covers 90% of its ration at the winter and 46% of the ration at the summer in the case of the creeper high number. In the case of the low number of creeper and other small mammals the manul passes on a substitute food which includes, the birds and berries at the winter and Orthoptera, Coleoptera and nestlings of colonial birds at the summer.
Manul is characterized by the slow-moving types of the feeding and protective behavior: prowling, watching for the prey, moving near the covers and hiding. This peculiarities of the behavior cause the manul attraction to the specific inhabitance of the suitable protective conditions and the high food density. The result is the high level of manul stenotopy.
During the periods of the depression of the feeding mammals number a part of manul population at the end of winter or at the spring goes from the typical inhabitance to the new territories looking for a food. This migrations increase the animal vulnerability and the death-rate but provide the survival of the manul population and spreading of this species over the area.
THE PARTICULARITY OF DIGESTING OF A NATURAL TERRITORY BY THE PARENTLESS BEAR CUBS OF 4-7 MONTHS OLD IN THE CASE OF A FREE ACCESS TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
V.S. Pazshetnov, S. V. Pazshetnov
Summary
The research work on the growing of the parentless bear cubs and their rerntroduction is conducted at the biological station Toropyetskaya of Central-forest reserve from the 1990. During the period of 1995-1997 the particularity of digesting of a natural territory by the cubs in the case of a free access to the natural environment were studied. The digesting is a gradual process. The group included 4-5 months old cubs inhabits the area about of 100 hectares. The cubs keep this group independently of their number. At the age older than 5 months this group divides into the separate cells and each of ones consists of 2-4 cubs. In the cell one of the cubs takes the "leader" position and provokes a movements of other group members over the territory. The composition of the cell-group keeps constant during the life of the parentless cubs at the biological station and this group may be determined as a "family". All members of this "family" are integrated by the behavioral reaction of following which directed from one cube to another one. The "family" group included the cubes of 7 months old extends their territory up to the 400 hectares.
ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE FRUITS OF THE DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES IN THE FAMILY CRUCIFERAE
L.I. Lotova, A.I. Rud'ko
Summary
The fruit anatomy in the family Cruciferae is studied. The relation between pericarp anatomy and fruit dehiscence is discussed. Several anatomical features of dehiscent pods are found in some of indehiscent fruits. These features are treated as rudiments, because dehiscent fruits are supposed to be the most primitive fruit type in the family. Thus the anatomical features are more conservative than fruit morphology in the family Cruciferae. Parallel evolution from dehiscent to indehiscent and lomentaceons fruits is revealed in the different clades of Cruciferae.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ATRIPLEX SPHAEROMORPHA ILJIN (CHENOPODIACEAE)
A.P. Sukhorukov
Summary
Data on A. sphaeromorpha Ijin, described in 1927, appeared to be mistaken, namely those on its distribution in South Sibiria, Central Asia, East Kasakhstan, Azerbaijan. We revealed that the distribution range of this taxon embraces southern steppe areas of Ukraine and Russia, foothills of Caucasus, desert and semi-desert areas of Lower Volga, West and Central Kazakhstan as well as north-west part of Karakalpakia. The coenotic distribution range of the studied species and ecological conditions required for its growth in different zones are shown. According to the ecological and geographic data and general chorological regulations of the section Sclerocalymma (where A. sphaeromorpha belongs to), we suggest that the primary origin area of the species was Aral and Caspian Province.